Improved backing-off for M-gram language modeling, Reinhard Kneser, Hermann Ney, 1995Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1995. ICASSP-95., 1995 International Conference on, Vol. 1 (IEEE)DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.1995.398466 - Introduces the Kneser-Ney smoothing technique, a widely used method for improving N-gram language models by addressing data sparsity.